ECE 723 Advanced Electronics - Spring 2011

Course Introduction

Course info
Syllabus: please read it!
ECE-723, Advanced Electronics, 3 credits.
Prereq: ECE-421/621 Communication Circuits.
Lecture: MW 4:00-5:30pm in ECE-125.

Instructor
Cristinel Ababei, cristinel.ababei(at)ndsu.edu
Ph: 701-231-7617
Office: ECE-101F
Office hours: MW 3:00-4:00pm or open-door office policy.

Bulletin description
Characteristics and detailed modeling of operational amplifiers. Applications to waveform generation, analog multiplication, modulation, and data conversion. IC and special amplifiers.

Textbook
[F03] Sergio Franco, Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits, McGraw Hill, 3rd edition, 2003. Required.
Recommended:
[G03]
Paul R. Gray, Paul J. Hurst, Stephen H. Lewis, Robert G. Meyer, Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
[J97]
David Johns, Ken Martin, Analog Integrated Circuit Design, John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
[R03]
Behzad Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, McGraw Hill, 2003.
[FB01]
Thomas L. Floyd, David M. Buchla, Fundamentals of Analog Circuits, Prentice Hall, 2001.
[S92]
Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford University Press, 1992.

Course objectives
Illustration of general analog principles and design methodologies, with focus on: Operational Amplifiers (OpAmps) and applications, Current feedback amplifiers, Active filters, and D-A, A-D converters.

Grading
--  Grade breakdown: A = [90-100], B = [80-90), C = [70-80), D = [60-70).
--  Final grade components:
    - Pretest: 5%
    - Midterm exam: 25%
    - Final exam: 25%
    - Project and milestone reports: 30%
    - Homework: 15%
--  Makeup exams will only be allowed in special situations. The extraordinary circumstances requiring a makeup exam must be verifiable.

Homework
--  Homework submissions are due before class starts. No late submissions are accepted.
--  If you are absent from class or you know that you will be absent from class, you should as soon as possible arrange with the instructor for any missed work. It is the student's responsibility to contact the instructor in such a case. Arrangements made in advance of an absence (if approved -- depends on the reason of absence) may allow full credit to be given for late work.
--  Collaboration on homework is ok, copying is not ok; a separate solution is required for each student.
--  Include your name on all homework assignments, reports, and exams.

Project and conference-paper format milestone reports
Each student will work on a semester-long individual project and will have to write three conference-paper format milestones reports. The topic of each project must be relevant to the topics studied in this course; it will be selected in consultation with the instructor.
 
Special needs
Any students with disabilities or other special needs, who need special accommodations in this course, are invited to share these concerns or requests with the instructor as soon as possible.

Academic honesty
All work in this course must be completed in a manner consistent with NDSU University Senate Policy, Section 335: Code of Academic Responsibility and Conduct. Violation of this policy will result in receipt of a failing grade. Please read: http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/policy/335.htm

Others
--  While university regulations do not require attendance in class, the student should know that there may be material covered in class which is not discussed in the text or which may be discussed in a different manner than presented in the text. The student is responsible for all the material discussed in class whether or not the student was in class. If the student misses a class period, it is the student's responsibility to obtain the notes from a classmate.
--  If the student has questions about the way a particular homework or exam problem was graded, s/he should discuss this with the instructor during office hours. However, this must be done within one week the exam or homework was returned to the class. This does not apply to the final exam.
--  Questions during class are highly encouraged.
--  Do not pack your stuff and get ready to leave with minutes before the lecture is over -- this annoys your colleagues.
--  Usage of cell phones, laptops, newspapers, magazines, etc. is not allowed during lectures.


Lectures

Ch 1 - OpAmp fundamentals
    --lec01.pdf
    --lec02.pdf
    --lec02_suppl_neg_feedback.pdf
    --lec02_suppl_io_resistances.pdf
    --lec03.pdf
Ch 2 - Circuits with resistive feedback
    --lec04.pdf
    --lec04_suppl_examples.pdf
    --lec05.pdf
Ch 5 - Static OpAmp Limitations
    --lec06.pdf
    --lec07.pdf
    --lec08.pdf
Ch 6 - Dynamic OpAmp Limitations
    --lec09.pdf
    --lec10.pdf
    --lec11.pdf
    --lec12.pdf
Ch 8 - Stability
    --lec13.pdf
    --lec14.pdf
    --lec14_suppl_examples.pdf
Ch 9 - Nonlinear circuirs
    --lec15.pdf
    --lec16.pdf
Ch 10 - Signal generators
    --lec17.pdf
    --lec18.pdf
    --lec19.pdf
Ch 11 - Voltage references and regulators
Ch 12 - D-A and A-D converters
    --lec20.pdf
    --lec21.pdf
Ch 3,4 - Active filters
    --lec22.pdf
    --lec23.pdf
    --lec24.pdf
Ch 13 - Nonlinear amplifiers and PLLs


Homework

Homework 1 - Assigned on 1/26/11, Due on 2/2/11
Problems 1.7, 1.8, 1.13, 1.19, and 1.25 from textbook.
Homework 2 - Assigned on 2/2/11, Due on 2/9/11
Problems 1.18, 1.21, 1.32, 1.38, 1.43, 1.53, and 1.65 from textbook.
Homework 3 - Assigned on 2/9/11, Due on 2/16/11
Problems 1.24, 1.33, 1.35, and 1.48 from textbook.
Homework 4 - Assigned on 2/16/11, Due on 2/25/11
Problems 2.4, 2.15, 2.25, 2.46, 5.3, 5.5, 5.23, and 5.27 from textbook.
Homework 5 - Assigned on 2/25/11, Due on 3/2/11
Problems 5.6, 5.20, 5.26, and 6.18 from textbook.
Homework 6 - Assigned on 3/3/11, Due on 3/9/11
Problems 6.12, 6.13, 6.24, 6.25, and 6.35 from textbook.
You will simulate in LTspice circuits of Example 6.3 (pp. 267-268), Example 6.6 (pp.273-274), and Example 6.7 (pp.277-278). For each of these circuits you will deliver print-outs of their schematic diagrams, their corresponding plots similar to those shown in the textbook, and a short description/interpretation – in your own words – of these plots.
Homework 7 - Assigned on 3/25/11, Due on 4/6/11
Problems 8.6, 8.16, 6.26, and 6.36 from textbook.
You will simulate in LTspice circuits of examples: 8.3 (pp. 360-361), 8.9 (pp.370-371), and 8.12 (pp. 376-377). You will deliver print-outs of their .cir netlists or schematic diagrams (you can use either circuit netlists or circuit schematics for your simulations), their corresponding plots similar to those shown in the textbook, and a short description.
Homework 8 - Assigned on 4/8/11, Due on 4/13/11
Problems 8.4, 8.30, and 8.37 from textbook.
Homework 9 - Assigned on 4/14/11, Due on 4/20/11
Problems 9.5 and 9.17 from textbook.
Homework 10 - Assigned on 4/20/11, Due on 4/27/11
Problems 10.16 and 10.30 from textbook.
You will simulate, in LTspice, circuits of: (i) example from Figure 10.4 (pp. 455) and (ii) example 10.2 (pp.461). You will deliver print-outs of their .cir netlists or schematic diagrams and their corresponding plots (black curves on white background) similar to those shown in the textbook.


Project

Project 1
In this course we'll use LTSpice IV for all our Spice simulations (see Resources page for a list of other Spice simulators). LTspice IV is a high performance Spice III simulator, schematic capture and waveform viewer. It is an excellent simulator and best of all it is free. You can download it here.
Introduction to LTSpice:
-- Getting started guide
-- Users guide
Online tutorials and more:
-- http://denethor.wlu.ca/ltspice/
-- LTWiki

The description of Part 1 of Project 1 is here.
The description of Part 2 of Project 1 is here.

Project 2
Project ideas.
Project description, delivarables, and due dates.


Resources

Table of contents
  • Useful pointers
  • Datasheets
  • Spice flavors
Useful pointers
Here is a list of OpAmp application notes and other useful pointers:
Datasheets
Here is a list of datasheets of most of the circuits discussed in the textbook "Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits" by Sergio Franco, McGraw Hill, 3rd edition, 2003. You can download the archive containing all of them here.

Ch.
Title
Circuit
Datasheets
Notes
1
OpAmp fundamentals
General purpose Operational Amplifier (OA)
Fairchild: LM741
Philips (NXP): UA741X
Texas Instruments (TI): ua741
STMicroelectronics (ST): LM148

2
Circuits with resistive feedback
Difference Amplifier

Instrumentation Amplifier (IA)

Flying-capacitor IA
Low noise OA
Analog multiplexerdemultiplexer
Burr-Brown (BB): INA105
Analog Devices (AD): AMP03
AD: AMP01, AD521, AD522
BB: INA101
Linear Technology (LTC): LTC1043
AD: AD8671
Fairchild: CD4051

3, 4
Active filters
Universal dual switched-capacitor filter block
NS: MF10, LT: LTC1060

5
Static OpAmp limitations
Uncompensated OA
Ultra low offset voltage OA
Low input bias current OA
JFET Input OA
CMOS OA
Low noise precision OA
Chopper-Stabilized (CS) OA
Zero drift (auto-zero) OA
Rail-to-rail CMOS OA
High power OA
National Semiconductor (NS): LM101A
AD: OP77
AD: AD549, NS: LM308
NS: LF155
NS: LMC6064, TI: TLC279
BB: OPA627, AD: OP27
Maxim: MAX420, Intersil (Harris Semiconductor): ICL7650S
LT: LTC1050
NS: LMC6462
Cirrus Logic (Apex): PA04, BB: OPA541

6
Dynamic OpAmp limitations
Low power OA
Fast settling OA
High Slew-Rate (SR) OA
Programmable OA
Current feedback amplifier
AD: OP97
LT: LT1122, AD: AD843
TI: TL080
NS: LM4250
AD: AD8004, LT: LT1206, TI: THS3061

7
Noise
Low noise OA
AD: OP27, NS: CLC401, , TI: TLC279, NXP (obsolete): NE5533

8
Stability
High output drive capability OA
Decompensated OA
LT: LT1360, AD: AD817
NS: LF357

9
Nonlinear circuits
General purpose Voltage Comparator (CMP)
High speed precision comparator
Micropower CMOS comparator
Bar graph meter
n-JFET, p-FET switch, BJT switch
MOSFET switch
General purpose diode
Monolithic, precision sample and hold
NS: LM311
LT: LT1016, AD: AD790
NS: LMC7211
NS: LM3914
Vishay: 2N4391, NS: AH5010
Fairchild: CD4066, Philips: 2N2222
Fairchild: 1N914
Harris: HA5330, NS: LF198

10
Signal generators
Monolithic timer
Waveform generator

V-F, F-V converter
TI: TLC555
AD: AD9833, Exar: XR2206, Philips (obsolete): NE566, Harris (obsolete): ICL8038
BB: VFC32, VFC320, AD: AD537

11
Voltage references and regulators
Precision voltage reference
Precision temp. sensor (transducer)
Thermocouple amplifier
Linear positive, negative voltage regulator
Power supply supervisory circuit
Switching regulator
NS: LM329, BB: REF102, AD: AD2700
NS: LM335, AD: AD590
AD: AD594, LT: LT1025
Fairchild: KA7805, LM7912, NS: LM317, LM337
TI: TPS3836, Motorola (obsolete): MC3425
LT: LT1070

12
D-A and A-D converters
D-A converter
A-D converter
Successive approximation register
Intersil: HI5741, TI: DAC5681, Exar: MP7616, AD: AD7846
Intersil: HI7188, AD: AD1674, Philips (obsolete): AM6012
Philips (obsolete): AM2504
Specifying_AD_DA
13
Nonlinear amplifiers and phase-locked loops
Precision multiplier
Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA)
Monolithic PLL
BB: MPY634, AD: AD534
NXP: NE5517, NS: LM13700, Intersil (obsolete): CA3080
NXP: HCT9046


Spice flavors
SPICE (simulation program with integrated circuits emphasis) is a powerful computer software program used for rapid simulation and analysis of circuits. It is now an industry standard. Many EDA (electronic design automation) companies offer variations of the basic SPICE -- in most of the cases they are not free. Most of these variations are equipped with a GUI (graphical user interface). There are also SPICE variations which are free. The table below surveys some of the most popular SPICE variations. In this course you'll use Orcad and/or LTSpice, both of which are available in the computer-cluster room.

No.
SPICE variation
Pluses
Minuses
1
Old version of PSpice 9.1
http://www.electronics-lab.com/downloads/schematic/013/
Small size
Still available
Student version: works for up to 20 nodes?

2
OrCad Demo (from Cadence bought: OrCad bought: MicroSim developed PSpice)
https://www.cadence.com/products/orcad/Pages/downloads.aspx
OrCad PCB design tools. One of the most popular.
Affordable for academia
Free only the demo version: allows simulation of circuits of up to 20 nodes?
Takes 2G
3
Virtuoso Spectre (from Cadence)
http://www.cadence.com/products/cic/spectre_circuit/pages/default.aspx
Spice-level simulation for analog, radio frequency (RF) and mixed-signal circuits

4
HSpice (from Synopsys)
http://www.synopsys.com/Tools/Verification/AMSVerification/CircuitSimulation/HSPICE/Pages/default.aspx


5
Multisim (from National Instruments) (formerly from Electronics Workbench)
http://www.ni.com/academic/multisimse.htm
http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/6030#textbooks
Student version. Plenty of edu materials

6
T Spice (from Tanner)
http://www.tanner.com/EDA/product/TSpice_CurcuitSim.html
Academic discounts
No student version
7
LT Spice IV (from Linear Technology)
http://www.linear.com/designtools/software/index.jsp
Free, Windows
No registration required: you can simply download it!

8
NGSpice part of gEDA tools
http://www.gpleda.org/tools/index.html
Free, Linux

9
Berkeley Spice
http://embedded.eecs.berkeley.edu/pubs/downloads/spice/index.htm
Free