Course Introduction

Course info
Syllabus: please read it!
ECE-723, Advanced Electronics, 3 credits.
Prereq: ECE-421/621 Communication Circuits.
Lecture: MW 4:00-5:30pm in ECE-125.

Instructor
Cristinel Ababei, cristinel.ababei(at)ndsu.edu
Ph: 701-231-7617
Office: ECE-101F
Office hours: MW 3:00-4:00pm or open-door office policy.

Bulletin description
Characteristics and detailed modeling of operational amplifiers. Applications to waveform generation, analog multiplication, modulation, and data conversion. IC and special amplifiers.

Textbook
[F03] Sergio Franco, Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits, McGraw Hill, 3rd edition, 2003. Required.
Recommended:
[G03] Paul R. Gray, Paul J. Hurst, Stephen H. Lewis, Robert G. Meyer, Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
[J97] David Johns, Ken Martin, Analog Integrated Circuit Design, John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
[R03] Behzad Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, McGraw Hill, 2003.
[FB01] Thomas L. Floyd, David M. Buchla, Fundamentals of Analog Circuits, Prentice Hall, 2001.
[S92] Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford University Press, 1992.

Course objectives
Illustration of general analog principles and design methodologies, with focus on: Operational Amplifiers (OpAmps) and applications, Current feedback amplifiers, Active filters, and D-A, A-D converters.

Grading
-- Grade breakdown: A = [90-100], B = [80-90), C = [70-80), D = [60-70).
-- Final grade components:
    - Pretest: 5%
    - Midterm exam: 25%
    - Final exam: 25%
    - Project and milestone reports: 30%
    - Homework: 15%
-- Makeup exams will only be allowed in special situations. The extraordinary circumstances requiring a makeup exam must be verifiable.

Homework
-- Homework submissions are due before class starts. No late submissions are accepted.
-- If you are absent from class or you know that you will be absent from class, you should as soon as possible arrange with the instructor for any missed work. It is the student's responsibility to contact the instructor in such a case. Arrangements made in advance of an absence (if approved -- depends on the reason of absence) may allow full credit to be given for late work.
-- Collaboration on homework is ok, copying is not ok; a separate solution is required for each student.
-- Include your name on all homework assignments, reports, and exams.

Project and conference-paper format milestone reports
Each student will work on a semester-long individual project and will have to write three conference-paper format milestones reports. The topic of each project must be relevant to the topics studied in this course; it will be selected in consultation with the instructor.

Special needs
Any students with disabilities or other special needs, who need special accommodations in this course, are invited to share these concerns or requests with the instructor as soon as possible.

Academic honesty
All work in this course must be completed in a manner consistent with NDSU University Senate Policy, Section 335: Code of Academic Responsibility and Conduct. Violation of this policy will result in receipt of a failing grade. Please read: http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/policy/335.htm

Others
-- While university regulations do not require attendance in class, the student should know that there may be material covered in class which is not discussed in the text or which may be discussed in a different manner than presented in the text. The student is responsible for all the material discussed in class whether or not the student was in class. If the student misses a class period, it is the student's responsibility to obtain the notes from a classmate.
-- If the student has questions about the way a particular homework or exam problem was graded, s/he should discuss this with the instructor during office hours. However, this must be done within one week the exam or homework was returned to the class. This does not apply to the final exam.
-- Questions during class are highly encouraged.
-- Do not pack your stuff and get ready to leave with minutes before the lecture is over -- this annoys your colleagues.
-- Usage of cell phones, laptops, newspapers, magazines, etc. is not allowed during lectures.

Lectures

Ch 1 - OpAmp fundamentals
Ch 2 - Circuits with resistive feedback
    --lec02_suppl_neg_feedback.pdf
    --lec02_suppl_io_resistances.pdf
    --lec02_suppl_examples.pdf
Ch 5 - Static OpAmp Limitations
Ch 6 - Dynamic OpAmp Limitations
Ch 8 - Stability
    --lec05_suppl_examples.pdf
Ch 9 - Nonlinear circuirs
Ch 10 - Signal generators
Ch 11 - Voltage references and regulators
Ch 3,4 - Active filters
    --lec22.pdf, lec23.pdf, lec24.pdf
Ch 13 - Nonlinear amplifiers and PLLs
Ch 12 - D-A and A-D converters

Homework

Homework 1 - Assigned on 1/26/11, Due on 2/2/11
Problems 1.7, 1.8, 1.13, 1.19, and 1.25 from textbook.
Homework 2 - Assigned on 2/2/11, Due on 2/9/11
Problems 1.18, 1.21, 1.32, 1.38, 1.43, 1.53, and 1.65 from textbook.
Homework 3 - Assigned on 2/9/11, Due on 2/16/11
Problems 1.24, 1.33, 1.35, and 1.48 from textbook.
Homework 4 - Assigned on 2/16/11, Due on 2/25/11
Problems 2.4, 2.15, 2.25, 2.46, 5.3, 5.5, 5.23, and 5.27 from textbook.
Homework 5 - Assigned on 2/25/11, Due on 3/2/11
Problems 5.6, 5.20, 5.26, and 6.18 from textbook.
Homework 6 - Assigned on 3/3/11, Due on 3/9/11
Problems 6.12, 6.13, 6.24, 6.25, and 6.35 from textbook.
You will simulate in LTspice circuits of Example 6.3 (pp. 267-268), Example 6.6 (pp.273-274), and Example 6.7 (pp.277-278). For each of these circuits you will deliver print-outs of their schematic diagrams, their corresponding plots similar to those shown in the textbook, and a short description/interpretation – in your own words – of these plots.
Homework 7 - Assigned on 3/25/11, Due on 4/6/11
Problems 8.6, 8.16, 6.26, and 6.36 from textbook.
You will simulate in LTspice circuits of examples: 8.3 (pp. 360-361), 8.9 (pp.370-371), and 8.12 (pp. 376-377). You will deliver print-outs of their .cir netlists or schematic diagrams (you can use either circuit netlists or circuit schematics for your simulations), their corresponding plots similar to those shown in the textbook, and a short description.
Homework 8 - Assigned on 4/8/11, Due on 4/13/11
Problems 8.4, 8.30, and 8.37 from textbook.
Homework 9 - Assigned on 4/14/11, Due on 4/20/11
Problems 9.5 and 9.17 from textbook.
Homework 10 - Assigned on 4/20/11, Due on 4/27/11
Problems 10.16 and 10.30 from textbook.
You will simulate, in LTspice, circuits of: (i) example from Figure 10.4 (pp. 455) and (ii) example 10.2 (pp.461). You will deliver print-outs of their .cir netlists or schematic diagrams and their corresponding plots (black curves on white background) similar to those shown in the textbook.

Project

Project 1
In this course we'll use LTSpice IV for all our Spice simulations (see Resources page for a list of other Spice simulators). LTspice IV is a high performance Spice III simulator, schematic capture and waveform viewer. It is an excellent simulator and best of all it is free. You can download it here.
Introduction to LTSpice:
-- Getting started guide
-- Users guide
Online tutorials and more:
-- http://denethor.wlu.ca/ltspice/
-- LTWiki

The description of Part 1 of Project 1 is here.
The description of Part 2 of Project 1 is here.

Project 2
Project ideas.
Project description, delivarables, and due dates.

Resources

Table of contents

Useful pointers
Datasheets
Spice flavors

Useful pointers
Here is a list of OpAmp application notes and other useful pointers:

National Semiconductor OpAmp Collection
Texas Instruments Handbook: OpAmp Applications
Texas Instruments Handbook: OpAmp Applications Single Supply
Op Amps for Everyone - Design Reference, Ron Mancini, 2002.
Evolution of the MOS transistor, Chih-Tang Sah, 1988.

Datasheets
Here is a list of datasheets of most of the circuits discussed in the textbook "Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits" by Sergio Franco, McGraw Hill, 3rd edition, 2003. You can download the archive containing all of them here.

Ch.	Title	Circuit	Datasheets	Notes
1	OpAmp fundamentals	General purpose Operational Amplifier (OA)	Fairchild: LM741 Philips (NXP): UA741X Texas Instruments (TI): ua741 STMicroelectronics (ST): LM148
2	Circuits with resistive feedback	Difference Amplifier Instrumentation Amplifier (IA) Flying-capacitor IA Low noise OA Analog multiplexerdemultiplexer	Burr-Brown (BB): INA105 Analog Devices (AD): AMP03 AD: AMP01, AD521, AD522 BB: INA101 Linear Technology (LTC): LTC1043 AD: AD8671 Fairchild: CD4051
3, 4	Active filters	Universal dual switched-capacitor filter block	NS: MF10, LT: LTC1060
5	Static OpAmp limitations	Uncompensated OA Ultra low offset voltage OA Low input bias current OA JFET Input OA CMOS OA Low noise precision OA Chopper-Stabilized (CS) OA Zero drift (auto-zero) OA Rail-to-rail CMOS OA High power OA	National Semiconductor (NS): LM101A AD: OP77 AD: AD549, NS: LM308 NS: LF155 NS: LMC6064, TI: TLC279 BB: OPA627, AD: OP27 Maxim: MAX420, Intersil (Harris Semiconductor): ICL7650S LT: LTC1050 NS: LMC6462 Cirrus Logic (Apex): PA04, BB: OPA541
6	Dynamic OpAmp limitations	Low power OA Fast settling OA High Slew-Rate (SR) OA Programmable OA Current feedback amplifier	AD: OP97 LT: LT1122, AD: AD843 TI: TL080 NS: LM4250 AD: AD8004, LT: LT1206, TI: THS3061
7	Noise	Low noise OA	AD: OP27, NS: CLC401, , TI: TLC279, NXP (obsolete): NE5533
8	Stability	High output drive capability OA Decompensated OA	LT: LT1360, AD: AD817 NS: LF357
9	Nonlinear circuits	General purpose Voltage Comparator (CMP) High speed precision comparator Micropower CMOS comparator Bar graph meter n-JFET, p-FET switch, BJT switch MOSFET switch General purpose diode Monolithic, precision sample and hold	NS: LM311 LT: LT1016, AD: AD790 NS: LMC7211 NS: LM3914 Vishay: 2N4391, NS: AH5010 Fairchild: CD4066, Philips: 2N2222 Fairchild: 1N914 Harris: HA5330, NS: LF198
10	Signal generators	Monolithic timer Waveform generator V-F, F-V converter	TI: TLC555 AD: AD9833, Exar: XR2206, Philips (obsolete): NE566, Harris (obsolete): ICL8038 BB: VFC32, VFC320, AD: AD537
11	Voltage references and regulators	Precision voltage reference Precision temp. sensor (transducer) Thermocouple amplifier Linear positive, negative voltage regulator Power supply supervisory circuit Switching regulator	NS: LM329, BB: REF102, AD: AD2700 NS: LM335, AD: AD590 AD: AD594, LT: LT1025 Fairchild: KA7805, LM7912, NS: LM317, LM337 TI: TPS3836, Motorola (obsolete): MC3425 LT: LT1070
12	D-A and A-D converters	D-A converter A-D converter Successive approximation register	Intersil: HI5741, TI: DAC5681, Exar: MP7616, AD: AD7846 Intersil: HI7188, AD: AD1674, Philips (obsolete): AM6012 Philips (obsolete): AM2504	Specifying_AD_DA
13	Nonlinear amplifiers and phase-locked loops	Precision multiplier Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) Monolithic PLL	BB: MPY634, AD: AD534 NXP: NE5517, NS: LM13700, Intersil (obsolete): CA3080 NXP: HCT9046

Spice flavors
SPICE (simulation program with integrated circuits emphasis) is a powerful computer software program used for rapid simulation and analysis of circuits. It is now an industry standard. Many EDA (electronic design automation) companies offer variations of the basic SPICE -- in most of the cases they are not free. Most of these variations are equipped with a GUI (graphical user interface). There are also SPICE variations which are free. The table below surveys some of the most popular SPICE variations. In this course you'll use Orcad and/or LTSpice, both of which are available in the computer-cluster room.

No.	SPICE variation	Pluses	Minuses
1	Old version of PSpice 9.1 http://www.electronics-lab.com/downloads/schematic/013/	Small size Still available	Student version: works for up to 20 nodes?
2	OrCad Demo (from Cadence bought: OrCad bought: MicroSim developed PSpice) https://www.cadence.com/products/orcad/Pages/downloads.aspx	OrCad PCB design tools. One of the most popular. Affordable for academia	Free only the demo version: allows simulation of circuits of up to 20 nodes? Takes 2G
3	Virtuoso Spectre (from Cadence) http://www.cadence.com/products/cic/spectre_circuit/pages/default.aspx	Spice-level simulation for analog, radio frequency (RF) and mixed-signal circuits
4	HSpice (from Synopsys) http://www.synopsys.com/Tools/Verification/AMSVerification/CircuitSimulation/HSPICE/Pages/default.aspx
5	Multisim (from National Instruments) (formerly from Electronics Workbench) http://www.ni.com/academic/multisimse.htm http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/6030#textbooks	Student version. Plenty of edu materials
6	T Spice (from Tanner) http://www.tanner.com/EDA/product/TSpice_CurcuitSim.html	Academic discounts	No student version
7	LT Spice IV (from Linear Technology) http://www.linear.com/designtools/software/index.jsp	Free, Windows No registration required: you can simply download it!
8	NGSpice part of gEDA tools http://www.gpleda.org/tools/index.html	Free, Linux
9	Berkeley Spice http://embedded.eecs.berkeley.edu/pubs/downloads/spice/index.htm	Free